Brown Rust

Puccinia triticina is specific to wheat. Other pathotypes can affect barley, rye and triticale. 

Biology and occurrence

Brown rust (Puccinia triticina) is a foliar pathogen of wheat and initiates disease by many cycles of airborne uredospores, particularly in the spring. It is favoured by warmer conditions compared to yellow rust and tends to develop later in the summer than yellow rust, during warm, humid spells of weather.

The disease is more prevalent in the south and east of England due to the relatively warm and dry conditions. Mild winters and dry springs favour severe epidemics as more spores are produced and dispersed, particularly because dry conditions in spring are usually associated with dew at night, which allows infection.

Life cycle of brown rust (Puccinia triticina) adapted from the Encyclopaedia of Cereal Diseases.

Symptoms

Brown rust can be seen in th autumn months on early sown crops, the disease is identifiable by orange/brown pustules. During the later months brown rust develops in a random formation which is digusinshable from yellow rust which develops in stripes. Whilst most commonly seen on the leaves brown rust can also be found on the stems and glumes of the plant. 

Management recommendations

Varietal resistance offers an effective method to manage the disease. Use the AHDB Recommended List – scroll to page 10 and 11 to check the current resistance rating of varieties (this has a 1-9 scale, where 9 represents good resistance and 1 represents extreme susceptibility). Compared to yellow rust, there are fewer varieties available with good resistance (8 or 9) to brown rust. In addition, current news on development of new races of brown rust in regions of the UK can be seen using the AHDB UKCPVS site at: https://ahdb.org.uk/ukcpvs

Monitor all crops regularly for rust symptoms focusing on early-sown crops in high-risk regions.

Resistance ratings do not guarantee durability of resistance. New brown rust races can appear, so check all varieties for brown rust lesions.

Diversifying varieties can help reduce the risk of disease spread between varieties.

Start your disease management in high-risk crops with early spring foliar fungicides.

Available fungicides include: azoles (DMIs; e.g. prothioconazole), SDHIs (e.g. bixafen), strobilurins (e.g. pyraclostrobin) and spiroketalmines (e.g. spiroxamine) fungicides, used in mixtures, to protect crops from brown rust. Information on current fungicide efficacy is available from the AHDB – see pages 9-10 in this Fungicide Resistance Guide.

Related links

 

Information and images from Rothamsted's Croprotect webpage supported by BBSRC NERC Sustainable Agriculture Research & Innovation Club

Related Organisations

Content below is from across the PEP community and is not necessarily endorsed by Stewards or by PEP

Connected Content

Plant Diseases

Diseases infect susceptible plant hosts, where environmental conditions favor disease development. Infected crops achieve lower yields and the quality of the produce can also be affected.

Yellow Rust

Yellow rust is an important economic disease of wheat. Often occurring more in the east of the UK and areas with mild winters and cool, damp summer weather. A good selection of resistant varieties and well-timed chemical applications can provide effective control of the disease and minimise losses.

Cereal Diseases

Cereal diseases affecting wheat, barley, oats, rye, triticale and maize can be caused by a variety of factors, including fungal, bacterial or viral infections, pests and insects, and environmental stress.

Ramularia

Ramularia (Ramularia collo-cygni) is a disease that affects only winter and spring barley. 

Net Blotch

Net blotch of barley (causal pathogens: Pyrenophora teres f. sp. teres (Net form); P. teres f.sp. maculata (spot form). Net blotch affects a wide range of grasses, however, the forms on barley are specific to that crop and do not affect other crops. 

The Encyclopedia of Cereal Diseases

Guide published by BASF and AHDB, written with ADAS & Rothamsted, providing a complete reference book for cereal diseases. 

Barley

Barley is the fourth most important cereal crop in the world, grown in more than 100 countries and used for animal feed, human food and the production of alcohol.

Wheat

Wheat is the most widly grown crop in the UK. Nationally yields average around 8 t/ha/

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